Published as NASA Special Publication-4214 in the NASA History Series, 1989.

Table of Contents

Library of Congress Card Catalog

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 - America Starts for the Moon: 1957-1963

• Introduction
• Organizing for Space Exploration
• Project Apollo: The Decision
• Project Apollo: The Debate
• Project Apollo: Prospects, 1963

• Introduction
• The Moon and the Space Science Program
• Manned Space Flight and Science
• Coordinating Science and Apollo
• Reorganizing Around Apollo
• 1963: Progress and Prospects

• Introduction
• Scientific Interest in the Moon
• Planning the Lunar Exploration
• Headquarters-Center Relations in Science
• Lunar Surface Experiments
• Woods Hole and Falmouth Conferences, Summer 1965
• Site Selection: Ranger, Surveyor, Lunar Orbiter

• Introduction
• Early Plans for Lunar Sample Management
• The Specter of "Back-Contamination"
• Congress Objects to the Receiving Laboratory
• Completing Design and Starting Construction
• Staffing the Lunar Receiving Laboratory

• Introduction
• Test-Pilot Astronauts
• Scientists Call for Representation on Apollo Crews
• Organizing the Astronaut Corps
• More Missions, More Astronauts
• Moving Into Flight Operations
• Selection of the First Scientist-Astronauts
• Future Plans Require Yet More Astronauts
• Headquarters Expands the Ranks of Scientist-Astronauts
• Scientists in the Astronaut Corps

• Introduction
• Operational Constraints on Landing Sites
• Scientific Input to Site Selection
• Site Selection: Early Results from Unmanned Programs
• Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments
• MSC Develops a Science Organization
• Apollo at the End of 1966

• Introduction
• Death at the Cape
• The Fire and the Science Program
• PSAC Examines Post-Apollo Science Plans
• Lunar Science and Exploration: Santa Cruz, 1967
• The Purse Strings Draw Tighter
• Lunar Exploration Program Office Established
• Lunar Receiving Laboratory: Management and Sample Handling
• Complexities of Quarantine
• 1967: A Critical Year

• Introduction
• Spacecraft and Mission Progress
• Lunar Surface Experiments
• Lunar Receiving Laboratory
• Problems with Back-Contamination Control
• Final Simulations and Certification
• Picking Landing Sites
• Looking Beyond the First Landings
• Mission Planning and Operations, 1968
• The Apollo Decade Draws to a Close

• Crew Activities, 1968-1969
• A Second Group of Scientist-Astronauts
• Crew Training and Flight Operations
• Apollo 11 Crew Makes Ready
• The First Lunar Explorers
• Scientific Work Begins
• The Astronauts in Quarantine
• Public Interest in Lunar Samples
• Astronauts Given Clean Bill of Health
• Scientific Side Issues: Security and Publication
• The End of the Beginning

• Introduction
• On With Lunar Exploration
• Selecting Sites for Lunar Exploration
• Preparations for the Second Mission: Crew Selection and Training
• Target: Surveyor III
• Firming Up Plans for Apollo 12
• Interlude: Alarums and Excursions in the Scientific Community
• Preparations for the Next Mission

• Introduction
• Intrepid Seeks Out Surveyor III
• Lunar Receiving Laboratory Operations
• The First Lunar Science Conference
• MSC Increases Emphasis on Science in Apollo
• Personell and Program Changes
• Mission to Fra Mauro

• Introduction
• Cutbacks and Program Changes
• To Fra Mauro: At Last
• Changes for Extended Lunar Missions
• Landing Sites for the Last Missions
• Crews for the Last Missions
• Scientists-Astronauts' Dissatisfaction Surfaces
• Second Apollo Lunar Science Conference
• The End of Quarantine

• Introduction
• Apollo 15: Great Expectations
• The Lunar Rover and New Experiments
• To the Mountains of the Moon
• Apollo 15's Science Dividend
• A Geologist for Apollo 17
• To the Lunar Highlands: Descartes
• Apollo 17: The Close of an Era

• Introduction
• Apollo 17 Samples
• Fourth Lunar Science Conference
• The New Moon
• The Scientific Accomplishments of Apollo
• Major Issues in Apollo
  1. Science in the Project
  2. Scientists as Astronauts; Astronauts as Scientists
  3. Lunar Sample Management and Quarantine
• Project Apollo: Stunt or Portent?

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