NOAA Satellite Observes Venus Transit Target Name:   Sun, Venus Spacecraft:   GOES-12 SXI Instrument:   Solar X-ray Imager Produced by:   NOAA Copyright:  Copyright Free Date Taken:   8 June 2004

• NOAA Image of Venus Transit
• Sun
• Venus

The NOAA Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colo., used the NOAA GOES-12 satellite space weather instrumentation to observe the passage of Venus in front of the sun. This transit of Venus is the first in 122 years. The GOES observation, using its Solar X-ray Imager, is unique because it records the sun’s 2 million degree, outer atmosphere in X-rays. This observation is possible only from space, since Earth’s atmosphere blocks out X-rays. The GOES-12 SXI is the only spacecraft to observe this event from space in X-rays. The image shows the Venus transit as captured by the NOAA Solar X-ray Imager from 12:54 a.m. to 8:44 a.m. EDT.

In the NOAA images, Venus appears as a dark disk about 1/30th the sun’s apparent diameter. Since the sun’s atmosphere or corona extends well above the disk seen in visible light, Venus was visible in silhouette for approximately nine hours, versus the six hours seen from Earth. The path across the disk is from the southeast to the southwest.

"Historically, transits of Venus were used to determine the absolute scale of the solar system," said Ernest Hildner, director of the NOAA Space Environment Center. "For SXI, the data taken during the transit of Venus will provide benefits to understanding the SXI instrument performance and thus potentially improving space weather forecasts. There may even be a possibility of using the SXI data to study the atmosphere of Venus," he added.

The GOES-12 SXI takes a full-disk image of the sun’s atmosphere once every minute. The images are used by NOAA and the U.S. Air Force to monitor and forecast solar flares, coronal mass ejections, coronal holes and active regions. These features are the dominant sources of disturbances in space weather that lead to geomagnetic storms.