Movie Shows the Changing Faces of an Infant Star XZ Tauri Target Name:   Binary Star System XZ Tauri Spacecraft:   Hubble Space Telescope Instrument:   Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 Produced by:   NASA Copyright:  NASA Copyright Free Policy Cross Reference:   STScI-PRC00-32a Date Released:  21 September 2000

• Star Formation
• The Birth and Formation of Galaxies
• Hubble Pictures Show Hot Gas Bubble Ejected by Young Star
• Movie Reveals a Young Star's Dynamic Disk And Jets

XZ Tauri is a young system with two stars orbiting each other. The pair is separated by about 4 billion miles (6 billion kilometers), about the distance from the Sun to the planet Pluto in our own solar system. Hubble astronomers were surprised to discover a bubble of hot, glowing gas extending nearly 60 billion miles (96 billion kilometers) from this young star system. The bubble's temperature is over 17,500 degrees Fahrenheit (9,700 degrees Celsius). The bubble appears much broader than the narrow jets seen in other young stars, but it is caused by the same process - the ejection of gas from a star. However, the Hubble images do not show the disk that feeds the outflow process - or even which star in the binary is the outflow source. Additional observations should help to point this out.

The movie shows that the outer edge of the bubble moves away from the binary system at a speed greater than 300,000 miles per hour (540,000 kilometers per hour), which is typical for stellar jets. This rate and the size of the bubble indicate that it is only about 30 years old, a mere blink of an eye in the life of a star. Sideways expansion of the bubble indicates that it has a strong internal pressure. A second bubble appears halfway up the waist of the first, indicating that new ejections may occur sporadically. Occasionally, bright, compact clumps of gas appear and then disperse within the bubble.

Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the bubble is the change in its appearance between 1995 and 1998. In the first picture, its edge and interior appeared equally bright; in 1998, the edge became distinctly brighter. Astronomers theorize that the gas around the bubble's edges has cooled, allowing it to glow more strongly as hydrogen and sulfur atoms recombine with electrons. Continued expansion of the bubble should cause the entire structure to fade from view - until XZ Tauri sends another eruption of hot gas into its surroundings.

Credits: John Krist (Space Telescope Science Institute), Karl Stapelfeldt (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Jeff Hester (Arizona State University), Chris Burrows (European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute)